Journal: Parasites & Vectors

Article Title: The Toxoplasma gondii ME-49 strain upregulates levels of A20 that inhibit NF- κ B activation and promotes apoptosis in human leukaemia T-cell lines

doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2837-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of T. gondii ME-49 on A20, pNF-κB p65, ABIN1, MALT1 protein levels. a, b, c, d Effects of T. gondii ME-49 on A20, pNF-κB p65, ABIN1 protein levels in Jurkat T-cells and Molt-4 T-cells. e, g The A20 protein levels in Jurkat T-cells and Molt-4 T-cells treated with MALT1 inhibitor MI-2 and combined use of MI-2 and ME-49. f, h The MALT1 protein levels in Jurkat T-cells and Molt-4 T-cells infected with T. gondii ME-49 at parasite: cell rations of 1:4, 1:2, 5:2 for 48 h. Values are presented as the mean ± SD ( n = 3). * P < 0.05 vs the control group; ** P < 0.01 vs the control group; # P < 0.05 vs the 5 × 10 5 cells/ml group

Article Snippet: The MALT1 inhibitor MI-2 was purchased from MedChem Express (USA).

Techniques: Infection, Control

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue 1 Is an Oncogene Inducing Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Tumor Growth via the Upregulation of NF-κB Activity in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9030250

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of MALT1 in prostate carcinoma cells and prostate tissues. MALT1 expression in human prostate cells (PZ: PZ-HPV-10, CA: CA-HPV-7, LN: LNCaP, PC: PC-3, DU: DU145) was determined by ( A ) immunoblot and ( B ) RT-qPCR assays. ( C ) MALT1 expression levels were determined by IHC staining in human prostate tissue array with normal and cancer tissues. ( D ) The enlarged figures of normal, grand II, and grade III were shown in the top panel, and the intense score of MALT1 in normal ( n = 9) or cancer tissues (grade II, n = 8; grade III, n = 32) were determined by IHC staining. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, NS represents no significance.

Article Snippet: MI-2, a MALT1 inhibitor, was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue 1 Is an Oncogene Inducing Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Tumor Growth via the Upregulation of NF-κB Activity in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9030250

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of ectopic MALT1 overexpression on cell proliferation, cell invasion, and gene expression of IL-6 and CXCL5 in PC-3 cells. ( A ) Relative expressions of MALT1, IL-6, and CXCL5 after ectopic MALT1 overexpression in PC-3 cells were detected by immunoblot or RT-qPCR assays. ( B ) Relative luciferase activities of IL-6 and CXCL5 reporter vectors after cotransfection with various doses of MALT1 expression vectors. ( C ) The relative luciferase activities of IL-6 and CXCL5 reporter vectors after transient overexpression of MALT1 expression vector and treated with/without MI-2 and CAPE. Data are presented as mean percentage ± SE ( n = 6) of the luciferase activity in relation to the vehicle-treated group (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01), or relative to that of the MI-2 and CAPE-treated group (## p < 0.01). ( D ) Secretion of IL-6 and CXCL5 in MALT1-overexpressed PC-3 cells treated with/without MALT1 inhibitor, MI-2, a NF-κB inhibitor, CAPE. ( E ) The cell proliferation rate of PC3-DNA and PC3-MALT1 cells was measured by the EdU flow cytometry assay (± SE, n = 4; ** p < 0.01). ( F ) The effect of MALT1 overexpression on cell invasion in PC-3 cells was determined by the Matrigel invasion assay (bar: 100 µm), (± SE, n = 3; ** p < 0.01).

Article Snippet: MI-2, a MALT1 inhibitor, was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK).

Techniques: Over Expression, Gene Expression, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, Luciferase, Cotransfection, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Activity Assay, Flow Cytometry, Invasion Assay

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue 1 Is an Oncogene Inducing Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Tumor Growth via the Upregulation of NF-κB Activity in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9030250

Figure Lengend Snippet: Modulation effect of MALT1 on tumorigenesis in vitro and NF-κB activity in prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. ( A ) Protein levels (top) and mRNA levels (bottom) of MALT1 after ectopic overexpression in DU145 (DU145_MALT1-A1 and DU145_MALT1-A2) cells. Data are presented as mean fold-induction of the mRNA levels (± SE, n = 3) relative to the mock-transduced group. ( B ) In vitro tumorigenesis of MALT1-overexpressed DU145 cells was determined by soft agar assays. The numbers of colonies were counted (bottom) under a microscope (± SE, n = 6). ( C ) Expressions of MALT1, IκBα, phospho- IκBα, p65, p50, Lamin B1, and GAPDH in cells after separation of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions as indicated were determined by immunoblot assays. ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: MI-2, a MALT1 inhibitor, was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK).

Techniques: In Vitro, Activity Assay, Over Expression, Microscopy, Western Blot

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue 1 Is an Oncogene Inducing Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Tumor Growth via the Upregulation of NF-κB Activity in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9030250

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of MALT1 knockdown on cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth in PC-3 cells in vitro and in vivo. ( A ) Relative expression of MALT1 in MALT1 knockdown PC-3 cells was assessed by immunoblot assays (top) and the data of relative density ( n = 3) are expressed as the intensity of the MALT1/β-Actin (bottom). ( B ) Relative expressions of MALT1, IL-6, and CXCL5 in MALT1 knockdown PC-3 cells were assessed by RT-qPCR assays. Data are presented as mean fold-induction of the mRNA levels (±SE, n = 3) relative to the mock knockdown (PC3_shCOL) group. ( C ) Cell proliferation of MALT1-knockdown PC-3 (PC3_shMALT1) cells relative to the mock knockdown (PC3-shCOL) group was determined using the CyQUANT cell proliferation assays (±SE, n = 8). ( D ) The cell proliferation rate of PC3_shCOL and PC3_shMALT1 cells was measured by the EdU flow cytometry assays (±SE, n = 4). ( E ) Effect of MALT1 knockdown on cell invasion in PC-3 cells (bar: 100 µm), (±SE, n = 3). The athymic male nude mice were randomly divided into two groups. PC3_shCOL cells and PC3_shMALT1 cells (3 × 106) were injected subcutaneously into the dorsal area of the mice. The ( F ) tumor volumes (mm 3 ± SE, n = 5) derived from PC3_shCOL cells (●, n = 5) and MALT1-knockdown (PC3_shMALT1) cells (○, n = 5), respectively, and ( G ) body weight (±SE, n = 5) of mice were measured every 2–3 days during 37 days. ( H ) The tumor weight (±SE, n = 5) was measured after sacrificed. ( I ) Protein levels of MALT1 in the tumors derived from PC3_shCOL and PC3_shMALT1 cells were determined using immunoblot assays. ( J ) Relative mRNA expressions of MALT1, IL-6, and CXCL5 in xenograft tumors were determined using RT-qPCR assays. Data are presented as mean fold-induction of the mRNA levels (±SE, n = 3) relative to the PC3_shCOL group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: MI-2, a MALT1 inhibitor, was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK).

Techniques: Knockdown, In Vitro, In Vivo, Expressing, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, CyQUANT Assay, Flow Cytometry, Injection, Derivative Assay

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue 1 Is an Oncogene Inducing Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Tumor Growth via the Upregulation of NF-κB Activity in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9030250

Figure Lengend Snippet: Modulation of MALT1 on NF-κB activity in prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells. ( A ) Expressions of MALT1, IκBα, phospho- IκBα, p65, p50, Lamin B1, and GAPDH in PC3_shCOL and PC3_shMALT1 cells after separation of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions determined by immunoblot assays. ( B ) The data of relative density are expressed as the intensity of the protein band produced from the target gene/GAPDH or Lamin B1 as indicated ( n = 3). ( C ) The NF-κB (p65) binding activity in PC3_shCOL cells, PC3_shMALT1 cells, and PMA/Ionomycin-treated PC-3 cells. ** p < 0.01. ( D ) The reporter activity of NF-κB reporter vector cotransfected with various dosages of the MALT1 expression vectors, as indicated in the PC-3 cells. Data are expressed as the mean percentage ± SE ( n = 6) of luciferase activity relative to the mock-transfected group.

Article Snippet: MI-2, a MALT1 inhibitor, was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Western Blot, Produced, Binding Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing, Luciferase, Transfection

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue 1 Is an Oncogene Inducing Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Tumor Growth via the Upregulation of NF-κB Activity in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9030250

Figure Lengend Snippet: NF-κB activation upregulated MALT1 expression in prostate carcinoma cells. ( A ) The reporter activity of MALT1 reporter vector cotransfected with various dosages of NIK (black bars) or IκBαM (white bars) expression vectors as indicated in the PC-3 cells. Data are expressed as the mean percentage ± SE ( n = 6) of luciferase activity relative to the mock-transfected group. ( B ) The mock-transfected PC-3 (PC3-DNA) and IκBαM-overexpressed PC-3 (PC3- IκBαM) cells were lysed, then IκBα, phospho-IκBα, p65, p50, GAPDH, or Lamin B1 after separation of cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions as indicated were determined by immunoblotting. The PC3-DNA and PC3-IκBαM cells were lysed, then IκBα, MALT1, NDRG1, and BTG2 were determined by immunoblot ( C ) and RT-qPCR ( D ) assays. Data are presented as mean fold-induction of the mRNA levels (± SE, n = 3) relative to the vehicle-treated group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: MI-2, a MALT1 inhibitor, was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Activity Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Luciferase, Transfection, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR